Numer 2(13)/2011

PART 1

Tomasz Zalega

Consumption behaviours among Mazovian households with unemployed members during economic crisis
In the analysis of consumption changes investigations into patterns and manners of consumption play a central role. Most studies on consumers’ buying behaviours have an economic dimension, and the main indicators they use are the level and structure of consumption expenditures. This is a simplified approach, because the real behaviours of consumers are determined not only by economic circumstances, but also by socio-demographic and cultural factors, the household size, social models, fashion, advertisements, habits, etc. The impact of the economic crisis fully justify that consumption changes in Polish households, including those with an unemployed member, be constantly monitored. Unemployment certainly is the most painful result of any economic crisis. When one or more members of a household lose their jobs, and thus incomes, then the household’s living conditions deteriorate, making its members adjust their market behaviour.This article aims to identify consumption behaviours among Mazovian households with an unemployed member. The article has been structured as follows. Following the presentation of the research methodology and assumptions, the determinants of the decisions to purchase food and non-food articles are analysed. Then the focus is shifted on the attitudes of consumers in households affected by unemployment to the crisis. The final part is a summation of the discussion and major conclusions.

Zygmunt Kołodziej

Legal and institutional system of counter-terrorism as a threat of economic and social development of the Republic of Poland
The article is an attempt of multi-faced description of threat that terrorism can bring to our economy and social existence. Apart from presentation of different methods of activity and aims of terroristic organizations, the author presents main legal instruments considering the activity of state and it’s institutions against those threats. Significant part of the text constitutes the register of institutions professionally prepared to minimize terrorist threats. All materials are shown in the text in connection with the efforts of our government to guarantee safe social and economical development of Poland.

Zenon Ślusarczyk

The meaning Schengen Information System for polish economy
Schengen Area is a territory which includes most of the member-states of the EU. The cooperation among these member-states is regulated by the Schengen Agreement (with its alterations) and regards the protection of the borders, personal details of its residents, issuing the visas to the foreigners, fighting against illegal arms and drugs trade, customs supervision regarding imported goods, cooperation of customs and police services, etc. The Schengen Information System serves for the purpose of the previously mentioned elements and it consists of domestic modules and the central unit located in Strasburg. Each of the member-states introduces relevant data into the system which become accessible for certain services of the member-states. The participation of Poland in this System has been described in the document: “MasterPlan SIS II PL” passed on 28th June 2006.

PART II

Cezary Tomasz Szyjko

Innovative opimalisation in energy sector including Interim Management
Today Interim Management -although not as well established as management consultancy - constitutes a phenomenon in the business world. In academic literature, scientific and empirical studies are widely lacking so far. The study focuses on the organizational perception of Interim Management within European energy sector. We try to determine what prompt organizations to hire Interims and what distinguishes them from other companies. Therefore, we use established organization theories, namely Transaction Cost Economics, New Low-emission Economy, and the Flexible Energy Firm Model which have been frequently used in studies of external labor arrangements to determine why organizations hire Interim Managers. Generated hypotheses, which are tested using a sample of multinational corporations in Poland, suggest that the chosen theories are quite suitable for explaining the utilization of Interim Management under the unstable legal backgrounds in Polish energy law. However, as this is - to our knowledge - the first study focusing on the organizational perspective, it is a valuable endeavor to this so far rarely discussed strategy.

Cezary Tomasz Szyjko

Innovation barriers in the development of electric vehicles
Pure electric vehicles are being widely developed due to their better performance than the traditional fuel vehicles in terms of environmental pollution and energy consumption. However, comparing with the petroleum vehicles, the relatively short driving distance of the pure electric vehicle is the main hindrance to prevail. The paper compares the net present lifetime cost of electric vehicles with that of conventional cars, both at today’s costs and at projected future costs. The paper also runs comparison scenarios with different assumptions about gasoline and electricity costs, battery costs, consumer discount rates, and vehicle efficiency levels. Electric vehicles are a promising technology for reducing the environmental impacts of transport. To acquire an overview of the possible impacts of the introduction of electric vehicles in the EU, Commission has commissioned a study on the status and prospects of this technology, the potential market uptake of electric cars and their likely impacts. This paper attempts to answer the followingg questions: Is the cost of purchasing and operating an electric vehicle more or less expensive than the cost of a comparable conventional gasoline-powered vehicle? Are the comparative costs likely to change over the next twenty years? Do electric vehicles provide the same attributes as conventional cars, and if not, do the differences matter? Will electric car owners be able to access the electricity needed to power their vehicles?

PART III

Jerzy Janczewski

The barriers of development of road transport – case study
The characteristic of prezent market of road transport is dividing and crumble. The road haulers possessed from one to four cars shared about 70% of road companies. This small companies can be included into micro sector companies. The aim of article presented activities of micro companies from transporting branch with especially showing of factors of barriers of development and life cycles on the market. There are presented the specify of transporting activity on the international transporting market of cargo and processes of adaptation into market and influence for competitiveness.

PART IV

Jacek Cheda

The role of the district in conducting hunting economy in Poland
This paper is devoted to the district tasks in the protection of wild animals use. Author presents in the detailed analysis of these tasks. He also discuss in detail the tasks of governor to issue permits for the possession and maintenance of greyhound race, or their hybrids and issue a decision on killing wild animals and the consent of the capture and keeping of animals. In conclusion, author made attempts to evaluate the system in terms of number of tasks imposed on the district for the protection of animals as well as the nature of these terms.

PART V

Alina Basak

Professional ethics
Professional ethics is always the ethics of a certain profession. As the result of the specialization of roles in a modern society and appearance of new professions, the problem of professional ethics is becoming more and more interesting, and more areas of social practice are undergoing such regulations. Professional ethics, which often takes the form of professional codes, is a great help for people having special roles in the society, roles which require specific competence, are very responsible or visible.

Piotr Oleksiak

Structure of the strategy within the scope of the personnel management in the organization
In modernly managed enterprises, in conditions of the high changeability of the outside and inner environment, strategic the personnel management is becoming an inherent element of managing the organization. Implementing the strategy of the personnel management is increasing diametrically probability of reaching the competing majority by the company on the market, thanks to making an assumption that human capital is a basic and unique store of every organization.

Marzena Pytel

The involvement of the employee in a place of employment as the factor supporting improving the organization
Effective management of organizations depends on a number of factors connected with both internal structure and ever-changing environment. Among all the internal factors, which constitute resources of the organization (material, financial, information and human resources), the related literature emphasizes that it is human resources, being participants in an organization, that determine optimal use of other resources and suitably respond to all the signals received from the environment. Therefore, problems of development of human potential in organizations are a topical issue and the focus of interest of many researchers. Quality of human resources determines opportunities for adaptation to quickly changing demands of the market.

PART VI

Danuta Janczewska

The conditions of logistic process in micro enterprises (ME)
Problems of logistic management in micro enterprises are not enough recognized. The knowledge about essence of logistic management method and factors stimulating logistic processes and their dynamics allowed for growing of competitiveness ME. Among conditions of implementation of logistic management in ME the main is possess of knowledge resources.

REVIEW

Jacek Cheda
Book Review: Christine Brońska (ed.), Medical Waste. Mandatory instructions and procedures. Sorting, collection and storage.

REPORT

Cezary Thomas Szyjko
Emissions management strategy in the era of postcarbon, conference report: A new market model of CO2 emission allowances, Warsaw, 12-13.10.2011 r.